TONE TEXT ANALYSIS BASED ON THE POLITICAL SPEECHES OF TWO AMERICAN PRESIDENTS DONALD TRAMP AND JOHN FITZGERALD KENNEDY

The Internet space has become a special area of study and not
only for ordinary users, but for professional linguists, who are
scrupulously engaged in the so-called profiling of texts or
speeches. The most important thing in the linguoexpert’s research
is a sentiment analysis of the text. The purpose of this study is to
demonstrate the specifics of such analysis.
The object of the present study is the text and its tonality.
Subject – text sentiment analysis.
The purpose of this study is to determine the specifics of such
analysis.
The research method is a manual analysis of the tone of two
speeches by American politicians Donald Trump and John
Fitzgerald Kennedy.
The relevance of the work is in the need for this analysis in
different areas. This is especially important for certain special
services that are engaged in the identification of extremists and
terrorists, the analysis of their correspondence in social networks
and in very popular messengers today.
The object of the present study is the text and its tonality.
Sentiment analysis is a common application of natural language
processing (NLP) methods, the purpose of which is to extract
emotional content from the text. That is, sentiment analysis can
be seen as a description of mood assessments. The tonality of the
whole text can be defined as a function (in the simplest case, the
sum) of the lexical tonalities of its constituent units (sentences)
and the rules of their combination. The purpose of the analysis
may be the author, that is, the person whom the opinion belongs
to.
Opinions are traditionally divided into direct opinions and
comparisons.
A direct opinion contains the author’s statement about one object.
The formal definition of direct opinion is as follows, “Direct
opinion is a tuple of five elements (e, f, op, h, t), where:
* (entity, feature) – the e-key object (the entity about which the
author speaks) or its properties f (attributes, parts of the object) ;
* orientation or polarity-tonal assessment (emotional position of
the author regarding the mentioned topic);
* holder – the subject of the key (the author, that is, who owns
this opinion);
* the time at which the opinion was left.
Examples of tonal scores include positive, negative, and neutral.
“Neutral” means that the text does not contain emotional
coloring. There may also be other tonal estimates.
The first stage of the sentiment analysis is a manual stylistic
analysis, which can be carried out, for example, using the
speeches of famous personalities. In the study, the inaugural
speech of Donald Trump (20.01.2017, Washington) and
J.F. Kennedy’s speech “I am a Berliner!” (“Ich bin ein Berliner!”)
(26.06.1963, West Berlin) are analysed.
It was revealed that in D. Trump’s inaugural speech syntactic
means of expression are predominantly used. They include
different types of repetitions and syntactic parallelism, and give
rhythm, emotionality and coherence, and verbalize the concept of
patriotism and other traditional American values. The frequent
repetition of the pronoun “we” focuses the audience’s attention on
who the threat is directed at, which creates a special emotional
effect
The speech of John Kennedy is a fine example of the publicistic
style, namely oratory. The text is intended to influence the
audience, to form public opinion. We can find its leading
features: direct appeal to the audience, the use of colloquial
words and a large number of expressive means that stimulate and
retain the interest of the public. Kennedy uses foreignisms (Ich
bin ein Berliner) through his entire speech. Thus he identifies
himself with the Germans, appealing to the audience and winning
their sympathy.
So, the main purpose of sentiment analysis is to find opinions in
the text and identify their properties. What properties will be
studied depends on a task.
As a result, the general goals and objectives of the text sentiment
analysis are analyzed. The manual analysis of tonality is carried
out based on the example of two American politicians speeches,
the main emotional dominants of Trump’s and Kennedy’s
speeches are revealed. Next, it is planned to conduct a computer
analysis of the tonality and compare the results with the results
obtained manually.
Keywords: tonality, analysis, sentiment analysis