FUNCTIONAL PECULIARITIES OF ANTONYMS (ON THE BASIS OF WORKS BY MUKHAMMAD YUSUF)

The choice of topic is due to the following circumstances. Firstly,
as it is already noted above, the problem of antonyms is not
sufficiently developed in the Uzbek language: there are only
separate sections on antonyms and antonymy in the textbooks on
the Uzbek language. Secondly, the choice of the topic is due to
the urgency of the problem of clearly delineating the system units
of the Uzbek vocabulary and determining their role in live Uzbek
speech.
The main purpose of this article is to identify the functional role
of antonyms in poetic works of Muhammad Yusuf’s in the Uzbek
language. Tasks are as follows: the study and translation of the
poetic works of Muhammad Yusuf in order to identify antonyms
in them and analysis of the peculiarities of the stylistic use of
antonyms in his works.
The theoretical significance and scientific novelty of the article is
determined by the fact that antonym pairs are discussed, they are
used in the works of Muhammad Yusuf (in Uzbek); fragments of
some works of Muhammad Yusuf have been translated into
Russian; for the first time, the poems of Muhammad Yusuf are
analyzed and the functionality of the antonyms in his works are
investigated.
The materials of the article can be used in university in the
process of studying the relevant topics of such disciplines as
“Lexicology”, “Comparative Typology”, as well as during the
practice of translation.
For the analysis of antonyms we have chosen poetic works of
modern Uzbek poet Muhammad Yusuf in the Uzbek language. It
should be noted that the poems of Muhammad Yusuf, published
in the Uzbek language quite recently, in 2004, have not yet
become the object of linguistic analysis of researchers, and are
not translated into Russian.
One of the main purposes of the use of antonyms in the works of
the Uzbek poet Muhammad Yusuf is to indicate the limit of
manifestation of quality, properties, phenomena, attitudes,
actions.
Sometimes in the works of Muhammad Yusuf, antonyms are used
to express an assessment of opposing properties, objects, actions,
states.
An analysis of the poems of Muhammad Yusuf shows that he
often uses antonyms to convey the complexity, depth and
inconsistency of the human soul, interpersonal and inter-ethnic
relations. His poetry is filled with longing, love for his people, for
a simple farmer who works from morning till evening on the
field. He also uses antonyms to convey the opposite actions of a
person:
Analysis of the works of Muhammad Yusuf allowed us to draw
the following conclusions and generalizations. The main function
of using Uzbek antonyms in speech is the expression of
opposition. The poetic world of Muhammad Yusuf is complex
and diverse. His poetry organically combines a variety of
emotional, ideological and stylistic layers, deep poetry and
heartfelt publicism. The creative way of the poet is full of
historical events, his poetry has reflected all the events, all the
changes taking place in our life. Analysis of the poems of
Muhammad Yusuf showed that he has a contrasting vision of the
world, which allows the poet to show the phenomena,
relationships, properties that surround him with all their
contradictions and difficulties, problems, constant search for
truth, truth, and search for himself.
Antonyms in the poetry of Muhammad Yusuf are used in
combination with other artistic means, in particular, the use of
cultural, historical and literary associations, such as proper
names, contributes to the enrichment of individual author’s
antonymy, is used to express various oppositions.
Key words: antonyms, enantiosemia, contrast, opposition