THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF STUDYING MULTIDISCIPLINARY TERMINOLOGICAL SYSTEMS IN MODERN LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY

The present work is a theoretical research devoted to a new
formation, multidisciplinary terminological systems. The
scientific terminology trends are focused nowadays on the
integration processes in science. The purpose of the research is to
reveal allomorphic and isomorphic features of semantization,
systematization and functioning of multidisciplinary terms in
Russian, French, English within the framework of scientific
discourse of the last five years. The following tasks have been set
and are being solved: 1) To determine the content of the terms
“term”, “multidisciplinary term”, “multidisciplinary terminology
system”; to establish the properties of multidisciplinary terms
and parameters of their association; 2) To justify the
methodology of comparative multiparadigmatic analysis of
terms; 3) To analyze the peculiarities of conceptualization,
systematization, semantization of multidisciplinary terms in the
compared languages, their structural and typological features; 4)
To consider the functioning of multidisciplinary terms of
comparable systems. The hypothesis of the study is that modern
highly developed languages contain subsystems universal for
Germanic, Slavic and Roman groups of languages, and have
much in common in the ways of association. The study required
the following methods: 1) linguistic methods: comparative,
representative method, the method of scientific description;
contextual and situational analysis, functional and semantic
analysis, lexical and semantic analysis, lexical and grammatical
analysis; 2) general scientific methods: analysis and synthesis,
induction and deduction, comparison, the method of hypothesis.
Results. The revealed properties of multidisciplinary
terminological systems are the following: 1) Integrity (single
system with a complex ordered structure); 2) Divisibility (they
are subdivided according to the thematic principle); 3)
Construction of thematically adjacent functional-semantic fields
on the principle of “core-periphery”; 4) Multiplicity, unification
of the levels of paradigm by some paradigmatic, syntagmatic,
epidigmatic, and hierarchical relations; 4) Purposefulness, focus
on providing one or two scientific branches with exact
definitions of the concepts demanded by science. The general
properties that “ensure the performance of the system” are the
following: 1) System-wide homogeneity, association upon
thematic features; 2) Intra-heterogeneity; 3) Self-organization of
a multidisciplinary terminological system, which develops and
exists as long as its elements are in demand of society as a
global, collective native speaker; 4) Centralization (the most
thematically common multidisciplinary terms are the main
elements of the core such as one-word ones, international ones,
frequently used in professional speech and everyday life); 5)
Emergence, as the new quality of the system arise due to the
combination of the elements into a single, integral system. A
multidisciplinary terminological system is a large system that
includes several thousand representations. In is a complex
system of interacting language units, so they are interrelated and
interdependent.
Discussion. Multidisciplinary terms of Russian, English and
French languages have a relatively stable semantics and semantic
structure. This property is supported for many of them by their
status of international vocabulary and a single sphere of use. In
addition, desemantization, re-semantisation and other semantic
processes in the semantics of the considered terms also show
changes, appearance or disappearance of some semantic,
syntagmatic and stylistic characteristics. Thus, a
multidisciplinary terminological system is a unique universal
system capable of crystallizing, systematizing and generalizing
scientific data, unifying the scientific apparatus of an existing
database of related and (less often) distant scientific fields. It
potentiates a further development of the scientific picture of the
world. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the
introduction of the terms “multidisciplinary term”,
“multidisciplinary terminological systems”. On the basis of these
theoretical provisions, a French textbook was organized;
currently a similar practical work is underway to write a textbook
of the French language for future veterinarians.
Key words: linguistic typology, terminology, French language,
English language, multidisciplinary terms